El volumen corriente inferior a 6 ml / kg de Mejora la Protección Pulmonar
Papel de la eliminación extracorpórea del anhídrido carbónico.
Anesthesiology 2009; 111:
Pier Paolo Terragni, M.D.,* Lorenzo Del Sorbo, M.D.,* Luciana Mascia, M.D., Ph.D.,* Rosario
Urbino, M.D.,*Erica L. Martin, Ph.D.,* Alberto Birocco, M.D.,† Chiara Faggiano, M.D.,† Michael Quintel, M.D.,‡ Luciano Gattinoni, M.D.,§V. Marco Ranieri, M.D.
RESUMEN
La limitación del volumen tidal (Vt) a 6ml/kg/peso, y la presión inspiratoria meseta (Pplat ) a un máximo de 30 cm de H2O, representa el estándar para la ventilación mecánica en pacientes con Síndrome de Distress Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA). Sin embargo estudios recientes, encontraron que la hiperdistencion alveolar por volumen corriente, puede ocurrir en algunos pacientes a pesar de la limitación del volumen tidal a 6ml/kg y Pplat a 30 cm de H2O. Los pacientes con SDRA pueden ser beneficiados con la reducción de Vt incluso si tiene Pplat de 30cm de H2O.
Tidal Volume Lower than 6 ml/kg Enhances Lung Protection
Role of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal
Anesthesiology 2009; 111:826–35
Pier Paolo Terragni, M.D.,* Lorenzo Del Sorbo, M.D.,* Luciana Mascia, M.D., Ph.D.,* Rosario Urbino, M.D.,*Erica L. Martin, Ph.D.,* Alberto Birocco, M.D.,† Chiara Faggiano, M.D.,† Michael Quintel, M.D.,‡ Luciano Gattinoni, M.D.,§V. Marco Ranieri, M.D.
Background: Tidal hyperinflation may occur in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who are ventilated with a tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight develop a plateau pressure (PPLAT) of 28 < PPLAT < 30 cm H2O. The authors verified whether VT lower than 6 ml/kg may enhance lung protection and that consequent respiratory acidosis may be managed by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.
Methods: PPLAT, lung morphology computed tomography, and pulmonary inflammatory cytokines (bronchialveolar lavage) were assessed in 32 patients ventilated with a VT of 6 ml/kg. Data are provided as mean _ SD or median and interquartile (25th and 75th percentile) range. In patients with 28 <PPLAT < 30 cm H2O (n _ 10), VT was reduced from 6.3 _ 0.2 to 4.2 _ 0.3 ml/kg, and PPLAT decreased from 29.1 _ 1.2 to 25.0 _1.2 cm H2O (P < 0.001); consequent respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 from 48.4 _ 8.7 to 73.6 _ 11.1 mmHg and pH from 7.36 _ 0.03 to 7.20 _ 0.02; P < 0.001) was managed by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. Lung function, morphology, and pulmonary inflammatory cytokines were also assessed after 72 h.
Results: Extracorporeal assist normalized PaCO2 (50.4 _ 8.2 mmHg) and pH (7.32 _ 0.03) and allowed use of VT lower than 6 ml/kg for 144 (84–168) h. The improvement of morphological markers of lung protection and the reduction of pulmonary cytokines concentration (P < 0.01) were observed after 72 h of ventilation with VT lower than 6 ml/kg. No patient-related complications were observed.
Conclusions: VT lower than 6 ml/Kg enhanced lung protection. Respiratory acidosis consequent to low VT ventilation was safely and efficiently managed by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.